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Photo above: A 3D printed 10×10 microarray using nanoparticle for biosensing application. Adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Materials. 2021 Feb;33(7):2006647.

Cover Features:

(Click cover image to read the article.)

Screenshot of journal cover. Complex image. Please refer to the adjacent text.

This Advanced Science cover image highlights a cutting-edge, 3D-printed milker-integrated microfluidic biosensor designed for real-time monitoring of key milk ions—Fe²⁺, NO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and HPO₄²⁻—directly during milking. The schematic showcases embedded microfluidic channels and ion-selective electrodes, with molecular illustrations of ion recognition mechanisms. Integrated into automated milking systems, the device features a miniaturized, wrinkled transducer layer offering high sensitivity (as low as 1 ppm), enabling continuous, on-farm dairy health surveillance. This smart biosensor offers a powerful tool for data-driven herd management and early detection of metabolic imbalances. Photo adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Science. 2024 Dec;11(47):2470291.

Screenshot of journal cover. Complex image. Please refer to the adjacent text.

The cover image from ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces highlights an advanced handheld electrochemical biosensor designed for ultra-sensitive detection of contaminants and biomarkers in milk. The foreground shows the device displaying a concentration reading of 55 pg/mL with a test strip immersed in a flowing milk stream. In the background, a dairy farm with cows and a barn emphasizes its agricultural and food safety applications. Molecular structures within the milk and a magnified inset illustrate their interaction with a 2D nanomaterial sensing surface, like graphene. This image underscores the powerful integration of nanotechnology and biosensing for rapid, on-site milk quality and safety monitoring. Adapted from Ali et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (Vol. 16, Issue 39, October 2, 2024).

Screenshot of journal cover. Complex image. Please refer to the adjacent text.

The Advanced Functional Materials cover illustrates how 3D printing is revolutionizing biomedical sensor design by enabling customization, miniaturization, and flexibility. A human hand interacts with a soft, printed biosensor, while a stylized 3D printer demonstrates precise material deposition. Gold-patterned electrodes and wearable circuits highlight the potential for compact, real-time health monitoring. The image captures the power of 3D printing to create personalized, high-performance sensing devices. Adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Functional Materials. 2022 Feb 23;32(9).

Screenshot of journal cover. Complex image. Please refer to the adjacent text.

The cover image of the Journal of Medical Virology (Volume 94, Issue 12, December 2022) highlights a microfluidic electrochemical biosensor developed for detecting COVID-19 biomarkers. The illustration features a chip with integrated working, reference, and counter electrodes, where sample fluid flows across the sensing area. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows a high-density 3D micropillar array on the working electrode, designed to enhance surface area and improve sensitivity. A Nyquist plot presents impedance spectra from individuals with and without COVID-19, showing clear differences in electrochemical signatures. This work demonstrates the promise of nanostructured biosensors for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics in infectious disease detection and monitoring. Adapted from Ali et al., Journal of Medical Virology. 2022 Dec;94(12):5808-26.

Screenshot of journal cover. Complex image. Please refer to the adjacent text.

A 10-Second COVID-19 Test—A New Era in Rapid Diagnostics: Featured on the cover of Advanced Materials (Vol. 33, No. 7), this breakthrough COVID-19 antibody test delivers results in just 10 seconds. Built on aerosol jet 3D-printed gold microelectrodes coated with reduced graphene oxide and viral antigens, the biosensor enables ultra-fast, specific detection using a smartphone interface. The microfluidic chip channels the sample over functionalized pillars, where viral antibodies are instantly captured and analyzed. Compact, low-cost, and smartphone-integrated, this platform marks a game-changing advance in infectious disease diagnostics—ideal for rapid, on-site pandemic response. Adpated from Ali et al., Advanced Materials. 2021 Feb;33(7):2170046.

Refer to the text.

The cover image illustrates an innovative biosensing system for real-time soil nutrient detection. It highlights a bioengineered scaffold—graphene foam integrated with titanium nitride—designed to mimic plant root systems. This porous, microfluidic-enabled structure facilitates ion and nutrient transport, represented by red and purple markers, enabling precise biochemical sensing in agricultural environments. Showcased alongside a growing corn plant, the visual captures the synergy of materials science, microfluidics, and bioengineering for in situ soil diagnostics. This concept, developed by Liang Dong et al., advances lab-on-chip applications for sustainable farming. Adapted from Ali et al., Lab on a Chip. 2017;17(2):274-85.

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2025

76. Matin Ataei Kachouei, Jacob Parkulo, Samuel D. Gerrard, Tatiane Fernandes, Johan S. Osorio, & Md. Azahar Ali, Attomolar-sensitive milk fever sensor using 3D-printed multiplex sensing structures, Nature Communications, 2025, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-55535-w.

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This illustration depicts the integration of biosensor technology in dairy farming for real-time milk quality monitoring and herd management. It shows cows connected to an automated milking system with wireless identification, including a sensor system designed to detect hypocalcemia in individual cows. Milk is collected and analyzed using a portable electrochemical biosensor for key parameters like nutrients and disease markers. The processed milk is then transformed into various consumer products, ensuring quality throughout the supply chain. Overall, the image highlights how biosensors support precision dairy farming by enabling on-site, rapid diagnostics to improve milk safety, animal health, and traceability. Image adapted from Nature Communications. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):265

 

2024

75. Md. Azahar Ali and Matin Ataei Kachouei, Advancing Multi-Ion Sensing with Poly-Octylthiophene: 3D-Printed Milker-Implantable Microfluidic Device, Advanced Science, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408314.

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
A compact multi-ion biosensor for health, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. This illustration depicts a portable biosensing system capable of detecting key ions including Fe²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃⁻, and HPO₄²⁻ across diverse applications such as human and animal health, precision agriculture, and water quality. The device integrates a microfluidic flow system and a 3D-printed electrochemical sensor within a layered assembly, enabling real-time, multiplexed ion detection in a compact and scalable format. Image adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Science. 2024 Dec;11(47):2470291.

74. Shannon Chick, Matin Ataei Kachouei, Katharine Knowlton, and Md. Azahar Ali, Functionalized Graphene-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2024, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07715.

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This illustration highlights the use of an electrochemical biosensor, the "Keto-Sensor," for detecting β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), a key biomarker of ketosis in dairy cows. The left panel depicts the physiological changes during ketosis, including reduced glucose levels, increased fat metabolism, and elevated βHB production in adipose tissue and the liver. The right panel shows the Keto-Sensor device with a three-electrode configuration—working (WE), reference (RE), and counter (CE) electrodes—alongside an inset SEM image revealing the nanostructured surface of the working electrode. A current vs. time graph at the bottom demonstrates the sensor’s increasing response to rising βHB concentrations (baseline, 1 mM, and 3 mM), reflecting its sensitivity to the biomarker through electrochemical oxidation. This biosensor platform offers a promising tool for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of metabolic health in livestock, supporting early detection and management of both subclinical and clinical ketosis. Image adapted from Ali et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (Vol. 16, Issue 39, October 2, 2024.

73. Md. Azahar Ali, George Fei Zhang, Chunshan Hu, Bin Yuan, Shou-Jiang Gao, and Rahul Panat, An Advanced Healthcare Sensing Platform for Direct Detection of Viral Proteins in Seconds at Femtomolar Concentrations via Aerosol Jet 3D-Printed Nano and Biomaterials, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400005.

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic illustrates a microfluidic electrochemical biosensor designed for multiplexed viral detection using engineered genetic circuits and 3D nanostructured electrodes. The left panel shows plasmid constructs representing synthetic genetic circuits tailored to detect specific viral nucleic acid sequences, indicating adaptability for multiple pathogens. In the center, a green arrow connects molecular design to biosensor application, highlighting the integration of synthetic biology with the sensor platform. The right panel depicts a 3D-rendered microfluidic chip with integrated reference, working, and counter electrodes, where the working electrode features vertical nanoposts to enhance surface area and sensitivity, as shown in the inset SEM image. A graph below demonstrates the sensor’s quantitative detection capability, correlating signal output with viral load. This biosensor platform enables label-free, multiplexed, and highly sensitive viral diagnostics by combining genetic engineering, nanostructured interfaces, and microfluidic technology. Image adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2024 May;11(14):2400005.

 

2023

72. Kamil Reza Khondakar, Matin Ataei Kachouei, Frank Efe Erukainure, and Md. Azahar Ali, Review—Prospects in Cancer Diagnosis: Exosome-Chip for Liquid Biopsy, ECS Sensors Plus, 2023, DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d7 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This illustration demonstrates the integration of biosensors, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital health technologies in a seamless healthcare system. On the left, a microfluidic chip analyzes biological samples such as blood and transmits data wirelessly. The signals are then amplified and processed through electronic systems. On the right, the processed data is delivered to mobile devices, wearable sensors, and small robotic systems. In the background, flowing data streams and neural network icons symbolize AI and machine learning, which enable smart, personalized healthcare. Brain and heart icons emphasize how this system supports real-time monitoring and AI-driven insights, enhancing disease detection and management. Image adapted from ECS Sensors Plus. 2023 Nov 17;2(4):043403.

71. Matin Ataei Kachouei, Ajeet Kaushik, and Md Azahar Ali,IoT-enabled Food and Plant Sensors to Empower Sustainability, Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2023, 2300321 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This infographic illustrates the integration of biosensor engineering and digital technologies within the agro-food industry under the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. At the center of the system is the agricultural cycle, where plants grow through the input of rain, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and fertilizers, while livestock manure contributes to soil enrichment. Biosensors play a critical role in monitoring soil conditions, crop health, and food quality. Surrounding this core are components of the food industry—transformation, packaging, and marketing—which contribute to carbon emissions and generate food processing waste. The diagram highlights how intelligent sensors, satellite telecommunication, and autonomous systems such as drones (UAVs) enable real-time data acquisition. These data are processed through Internet of Things (IoT) networks and analyzed using artificial intelligence and machine learning, all within secure cybersecurity frameworks. The output supports decision-making tools such as data analysis, soil and food analysis models, weather forecasting, on-site and in-field testing with biosensors, and decision support systems. The entire ecosystem is designed to assist stakeholders—including farmers, the food industry, and policy decision-makers—by enhancing sustainability, reducing waste, and improving precision in agricultural and food production practices. Image adapted from Advanced Intelligent Systems. 2023 Dec;5(12):2300321.

 

2022

70. Md. Azahar Ali, G. Z. Fei, C. Hu, et al., Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients via A 3D-Printed Nanomaterial-Based Biosensing Platform, Journal of Medical Virology, 2022; doi: 10.1002/jmv.28075 (Link) (Selected as Journal cover page)

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
We present an ultrarapid, quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody test using a 3D-printed biosensor with gold nanoparticle micropillars coated in graphene and viral antigens (S1, RBD, N). The sensor detects antibody binding via electrochemical impedance changes within 10–12 seconds at picomolar sensitivity. Testing plasma from COVID-19 patients showed higher antibodies against spike proteins than nucleocapsid. This platform offers a fast, sensitive tool for monitoring immunity, aiding epidemiology, and evaluating vaccine efficacy to better control infectious diseases. Image adapted from Ali et al., Journal of Medical Virology. 2022 Dec;94(12):5808-26.

69. S. Banik, A. Uchil, T. Kalsang, S. Chakrabarty, Md. Azahar Ali, P. Srisungsitthisunti, K. K. Mahato, S. Surdo, N. Mazumder, The revolution of PDMS microfluidics in cellular biology, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2022, 1-19 (doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2022.2034733) (Link).

68. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Hu, Z. Fei, B. Yuan, S. Jahan, S.-J. Gao, R. Panat, N-protein based Ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection in Seconds via 3D Nanoprinted Microarchitected Array Electrodes, Journal of Medical Virology, 2022, 1-12 (DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27591) (Link).

 

2021

67. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Hu, B. Yuan, S. Jahan, M. S. Saleh, Z. Guo, A. J. Gellman, R. Panat, “Breaking the barrier to biomolecule limit-of-detection via 3D printed multi-length-scale graphene-coated electrodes”, Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1),7077-1 to 7077-16 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
The study demonstrates a novel electrochemical sensor platform that achieves femtomolar detection of biomolecules—specifically dopamine—by combining aerosol jet 3D nanoparticle printing with graphene nanocoatings. We designed hollow micropillar electrodes with hierarchical porosity, significantly increasing surface area and enhancing molecular capture. Coating these 3D-printed silver micropillars with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) further boosted conductivity and biomolecule binding efficiency. This hybrid structure enabled ultra-sensitive detection with minimal sample volume. The work not only sets a new benchmark for the limit-of-detection in electrochemical biosensing but also presents a scalable, reproducible fabrication method. Its implications are broad, with potential applications in neurological diagnostics, infectious disease monitoring, and wearable health technologies. Image adapted from Ali et al., Nature Communications, 12(1),7077, 2021.

66. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Hu, E. A. Yttri, and R. Panat, “Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Biomedical Sensing Devices”, Advanced Functional Materials, 2107671, 2021 (Link), (Selected as Journal cover page)

65. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Hu, S. Jahan, B. Yuan, M. S. Saleh, E. Ju, S.-J. Gao, R. Panat, Sensing of COVID‐19 antibodies in seconds via aerosol jet nanoprinted reduced‐graphene‐oxide‐coated 3D electrodes, Advanced Materials, 2021, 33, 2006647 (Link). (Selected as Journal cover page)

This multi-panel illustration details the fabrication of a 3D-printed COVID-19 biosensor chip (3DcC) combining microfluidics with a microelectrode array. It starts with a glass platform patterned with gold reference, working, and counter electrodes via evaporation. Aerosol-based 3D printing deposits gold nanoparticle ink through a nitrogen-driven nozzle to form a dense 10×10 microelectrode array of fine micropillars. The micropillars are created by solidifying nanoparticle-loaded solvent droplets extruded from the nozzle. The microfluidic channel is then molded from PDMS and bonded onto the electrode substrate, aligning perfectly over the electrodes with sample inlet and outlet ports. This integrated approach produces a compact, scalable chip for rapid COVID-19 detection by combining precise 3D printing and microfluidic assembly. Image adapted from Ali et al., Advanced Materials 2021 Feb;33(7):2006647.

64. A. Gosai, K. R. Khondakar, X. Ma, Md. Azahar Ali, Application of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring: Simple Graphene Derivatives to 3D Printed Platforms, Biosensors, 2021, 1(10), 384 (Link).

63. P. A. Borade, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Jahan, T. Sant, K. Bogle, R. Panat, S. M. Jejurikar, MoS2 Nanosheet-Modified NiO Layers on a Conducting Carbon Paper for Glucose Sensing, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2021, 4, 7, 6609–6619 (Link).

62. Y. Zhu, Y. Chen, Md. Azahar Ali, L. Dong, X. Wang, S. V. Archontoulis, J. C. Schnable, M. J. Castellano, "Continuous in situ soil nitrate sensors: the importance of high-resolution measurements across time and a comparison with salt extraction-based methods," Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2021 (DOI: 10.1002/saj2.20226) (Link).

61. A. A. Ansari, M. Alam, Md. Azahar Ali, Nanostructured CeO2:Ag platform for electrochemically sensitive detection of nitrophenol, Colloids Surf, A Physicochem Eng Asp, 2021, 126116 (Link).

 

2020

60. N. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, P. Rai, I. Ghori, A. Sharma, B. D Malhotra, R. John, Dual-modality microfluidic biosensor based on nanoengineered mesoporous graphene hydrogels, Lab on a Chip, 2020, 20, 760-777 (Link).

59. Md. Azahar Ali, L. Dong, J. Dhau, A. Khosla, A. Kaushik, Perspective—electrochemical sensors for soil quality assessment, J. Electrochem. Soc, 2020, 167, 037550 (Link).

Complex figure, please see caption.
This is a field-deployable soil nitrate sensor fabricated using a robotic arm-based, high-resolution direct printing technique that enables wafer-scale production. The sensor includes a solid-contact layer composed of POT–MoS₂ (poly(3-octylthiophene)–molybdenum disulfide) ink, which serves as the ion-to-electron transducing layer. A top layer of nitrate-selective membrane enables ion exchange and generates an interfacial potential, which is measured relative to a standard reference electrode. The resulting potential difference (or open circuit potential), governed by the Nernst equation, is directly proportional to the nitrate concentration in the soil. This sensor is valuable for monitoring nutrient efficiency in agricultural fields, livestock pastures, water quality, and manure management.

 

2019

58. Md. Azahar Ali, X. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Jiao, M. Satyanarayana, M. J. Castellano, J. C. Schnable, P. S. Schnable, and L. Dong, Continuous monitoring of soil nitrate variation using miniature sensor with poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11, 29195-29206 (Link).

57. N. Singh, P. Rai, Md. Azahar Ali, R. Kumar, A. Sharma, B. D. Malhotra, R. John, Hollow-nanospheres-based microfluidic biosensors for biomonitoring of cardiac troponin I, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 3826-3839 (Link).


56. Md. Azahar Ali, A Special Issue on Microfluidic, Nanostructures and Biomedical Sensors, Sensor Lett. 2019, 17, 1–3 (Link).

 

 

2018

55. P. Gulati, P. Kaurb, M.V. Rajam, T. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, P. Mishra, and S.S. Islam, Leukemia biomarker detection by using photoconductive response of CNT electrode: Analysis of sensing mechanism based on charge transfer induced Fermi level fluctuation, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018, 270, 45–55 (Link).

54. Y. Wang, Md. Azahar Ali, L. Dong, and M. Lu, An optofluidic metasurface for lateral flow-through detection of cancer biomarker, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2018, 107, 224–229 (Link).

53. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Tabassum, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, R. Kumar, and L. Dong, Integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor for biomarker detection, Lab on a Chip, 2018, 18, 803-817 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This composite image highlights a microfluidic electrochemical biosensor featuring plasmonic nanopost array-based electrodes. The left panel shows the biosensor chip with inlet and outlet ports and three aligned electrodes—reference, working (with nanoposts), and counter—beneath a microchannel. Middle SEM images reveal a highly ordered array of cylindrical nanoposts (~500 nm diameter) on the working electrode, while the right panels emphasize their nanoscale surface texture and coatings. This design leverages high-surface-area plasmonic nanopost arrays to enhance electrochemical sensitivity for biomolecule detection within microfluidic environments. Image adapted from Ali et al., Lab on a Chip. 2018;18(5):803-17.

52. C. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, V. Kumar, R. Ahmad, G. Sumana, Functionalized MoS2 nanosheets assembled microfluidic immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of food pathogen, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018, 259, 1090-1098 (Link).

 

2017

51. N. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, P. Rai, A. Sharma, B. D. Malhotra, and R. John, Microporous nanocomposite enabled microfluidic biochip for cardiac biomarker detection, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9, 33576−33588 (Link).

50. C. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, V. Reddy, D. Singh, C. G.Kim, G. Sumana, and B. D. Malhotra, Biofunctionalized graphene oxide wrapped carbon nanotubes enabled microfluidic immunochip for bacterial cell detection, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018, 255, 2495-2503 (Link).

49. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Singh, S. Srivastava, P. Admane, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, A. Pandya, L. Dong and B. D. Malhotra, Graphene oxide – metal nanocomposites for cancer biomarker detection, RSC Advances, 2017, 7, 35982–35991 (Link).

48. K. K. Reza, Md. Azahar Ali, M. K. Singh, V. V. Agrawal, and A. M. Biradar, Amperometric enzymatic determination of bisphenol A using an ITO electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and Mn3O4 nanoparticles in a chitosan matrix, Microchimica Acta, 2017, 68, 1-8 (Link).

47. K. Mondal, Md. Azahar Ali, C. Singh, G. Sumana, B. D. Malhotra, and A. Sharma, Highly sensitive porous carbon and metal/carbon conducting nanofiber based enzymatic biosensors for triglyceride detection, Sensors and Actuators B. Chemical, 2017, 246, 202–214 (Link).

46. Md. Azahar Ali, K. Mondal, Y. Wang, N. Mahal, M. J. Castellano, A. Sharma, and L. Dong, In situ integration of graphene foam–titanium nitride based bio-scaffolds and microfluidic structures for soil nutrient sensors, Lab on a Chip, 2017, 17, 274-285 (Link). (Selected as Journal cover page)

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This work presents an in situ soil detection chip integrating a porous graphene foam–titanium nitride nanofiber (GF–TiN NF) composite within microfluidic channels using liquid-phase photopolymerization. This design overcomes fabrication challenges and enables sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrate ions with a low detection limit (0.01 mg/L) and wide dynamic range. The multipanel figure illustrates the chip’s structure: (a) photo of the assembled device with integrated electrodes; (b) schematic showing fluid flow over the porous working electrode; (c) fluorescent image confirming electrode integration; and (d–f) SEM images revealing the hierarchical nanostructure of the GF–TiN electrode. This platform offers a promising solution for real-time soil nutrient monitoring in sustainable agriculture. Image adapted from Ali et al., Lab on a Chip. 2017;17(2):274-85.

 

45. H. Jiang, Md. Azahar Ali, Z. Xu, L. J. Halverson, and L. Dong, Integrated microfluidic flow-through microbial fuel cells, Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 41208. (Link).

44. Md. Azahar Ali, H. Jiang, N. Mahal, M. Castellano, and L. Dong, Microfluidic impedimetric sensor for soil nitrate detection using graphene oxide and conductive nanofibers enabled sensing interface, Sensor and Actuator B. Chemical, 239, 2017, 1289–1299 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This multi-panel image illustrates a microfluidic biosensor for nitrate (NO₃⁻) detection featuring enzyme-functionalized electrodes. The device integrates PEDOT nanofibers and graphene oxide to immobilize nitrate reductase enzymes, which catalyze nitrate reduction, generating an electrochemical signal. The design includes a microchannel optimized for fluid flow over the electrodes. This biosensor combines nanostructured conductive materials with enzymatic catalysis for selective, real-time nitrate monitoring in environmental and agricultural settings. Image adapted from Ali et al., Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2017 Feb 1;239:1289-99.

 

2016

43. Md. Azahar Ali, K. Mondal, Y. Jiao, S. Oren, Z. Xua, A. Sharma, and L. Dong, Microfluidic immuno-biochip for detection of breast cancer biomarkers using hierarchical composite of porous graphene and titanium dioxide nanofibers, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 20570–20582 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This image shows a microfluidic electrochemical biosensor developed for detecting the ErbB2 antigen, a biomarker linked to certain cancers. The main diagram features a microchannel with inlet and outlet pathways flowing over a 3D working electrode made of graphene foam coated with nanostructured titanium dioxide (GF-nTiO₂). The device also includes a reference electrode and a counter electrode, all integrated into a single chip. A zoomed-in view shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the GF-nTiO₂ material, revealing its porous, high-surface-area structure, which is ideal for attaching biomolecules. On the right, a molecular illustration demonstrates how antibodies are chemically bonded to the nanomaterial surface to specifically capture ErbB2 antigens. This biosensor uses advanced nanomaterials to achieve high sensitivity and allows for label-free, real-time detection—making it a promising tool for early and accurate cancer diagnostics. Image adapted from Ali et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2016 Aug 17;8(32):20570-82.

42. Md. Azahar Ali, W. Hong, S. Oren, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, and L. Dong, Tunable bioelectrodes with wrinkled-ridged graphene oxide surfaces for electrochemical nitrate sensors, RSC Advances, 2016, 6, 67184-67195 (Link).

41. S. Srivastava, V. Kumar, K. Arora, C. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, N. K. Puri and B. D. Malhotra, Antibody conjugated metal nanoparticles decorated graphene sheets for mycotoxin sensor, RSC Advances, 2016, 6, 56518-56526 (Link).

40. N. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, K. Suresh, V. V. Agrawal, P. Rai, A. Sharma, and B. D. Malhotra, and R. John, In-situ electrosynthesized nanostructured Mn3O4-polyaniline nanofibers biointerface for endocrine disrupting chemical detection, Sensor and Actuator B. Chemical,  2016, 236, 781–793 (Link).

39. Md. Azahar Ali, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, and B. D Malhotra, A biofunctionalized quantum dot–nickel oxide nanorod based smart platform for lipid detection, Journal of Material Chemistry B, 2016, 4, 2706-2714 (Link).

38. Md. Azahar Ali, C. Singh, K. Mondal, S. Srivastava, A. Sharma and B. D Malhotra, Mesoporous few-layer graphene platform for affinity biosensing application, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 7646–7656 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic illustrates the step-by-step fabrication and operation of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor designed to detect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antigens—an important cardiovascular biomarker. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, are combined with nickel oxide (NiO) to form a conductive hybrid material (rGO–NiO). Antibodies specific to LDL are covalently immobilized onto the surface through C–N bond formation, creating a selective biointerface. Upon exposure to a sample, LDL antigens bind specifically to these antibodies, forming immunocomplexes. Non-specific binding sites are blocked using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to ensure selectivity. The antigen–antibody interaction results in measurable impedance changes, visualized as Nyquist plots, enabling accurate and real-time LDL detection. This approach offers a sensitive, label-free platform for monitoring cardiovascular health. Image adapted from Ali et al;., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2016 Mar 30;8(12):7646-56.

37. C. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, and G. Sumana, Green synthesis of graphene based biomaterial using fenugreek seeds for lipid detection, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2016, 4, 871–880 (Link).

36. K. Mondal, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, B. D Malhotra and A. Sharma, A novel lithography free microfabrication of micro/nano channels embedded in porous carbon electrode for biosensing application, Sensor and Actuator B Chemical 229, 2016 82–91 (Link).

 

2015

35. M. K. Patel, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Krishnan, V. V. Agrawal, A. A. Al Kheraif, H. Fouad, Z. Ansari, S. G. Ansari and B. D. Malhotra, A label-free photoluminescence genosensor using nanostructured magnesium oxide, Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 17384 (Link). 


34. K. K. Reza, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, V. V. Agrawal and A.M. Biradar, Tyrosinase conjugated reduced graphene oxide based biointerface for bisphenol A sensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2015, 74, 644–651 (Link).

33. P. R. Solanki, M. K. Patel, Md. Azahar Ali, B. D. Malhotra, Chitosan modified nickel oxide platform for biosensing applications, Journal of Material Chemistry B, 2015, 3, 6698-6708 (Link).

32. H. Dhyani, Md. Azahar Ali, S. P. Pal, S. Srivastava, P. R. Solanki, B. D. Malhotra and P. Sen, Mediator-free biosensor using chitosan capped CdS quantum dots for detection of total cholesterol, RSC Advances, 2015, 5, 45928-45934 (Link).

31. A. S. Ghrera, C. M. Pandey, Md. Azahar Ali, B. D. Malhotra, Quantum dot‒based microfluidic biosensor for cancer detection, Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 106, 193703 (Link).


30. Md. Azahar Ali, K. Mondal, C. Singh, B. D Malhotra, and A. Sharma, Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor conjugated mesoporous zinc oxide nanofibers for breast cancer diagnostics, Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 7234-7245, (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
Schematic illustrating a ZnO nanofiber (ZnOnF)-based electrochemical biosensor for detecting the breast cancer biomarker ErbB2. Plasma-treated ZnOnFs allow covalent antibody binding via EDC/NHS chemistry, while untreated fibers use physical adsorption. Upon ErbB2 binding, impedance signals reflect biomarker presence, with enhanced sensitivity observed in plasma-treated sensors. This highlights the importance of surface functionalization in improving biosensor performance. Image adapted from Ali et al., Nanoscale. 2015;7(16):7234-45.

29. Md. Azahar Ali, P. R. Solanki, S. Srivastava, S. Singh, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, and B. D Malhotra, Protein functionalized carbon nanotubes based smart lab-on-a-chip, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 5837-46 (Link).

28. N. Singh, K. K. Reza, Md. Azahar Ali, V. V. Agrawal, A. M. Biradar, Self-assembled nanostructured rutile TiO2 platform for estrogenic substance detection. Biosensensors and Bioelectronics, 2015, 22, 633-641 (Link).

27. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, K. Mondol, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, A. Sharma and B. D. Malhotra, A surface functionalized nanoporous integrated microfluidic biochip, Nanoscale, 2014, 6, 13958-13969 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
Illustrative Schematic Summary – Cholesterol Microfluidic Biosensor: This schematic shows the fabrication and function of a chitosan–anatase TiO₂ (antTiO₂)-based microfluidic biosensor for cholesterol detection. Chitosan’s positive charge and antTiO₂ nanoparticles form a nanocomposite layer on the electrode. Cholesterol esterase and oxidase enzymes bind to this layer, catalyzing cholesterol into cholesteone and releasing electrons. These electrons generate an impedance signal, enabling real-time cholesterol sensing. The design highlights material integration and enzymatic activity in nanocomposite biosensors. Image adapted from Ali et al., Nanoscale. 2014;6(22):13958-69.

26. S. Srivastava, S. Abraham, C. Singh, Md. Azahar Ali, A. Srivastava, G. Sumana, and B. D. Malhotra, Protein conjugated carboxylated gold@reduced graphene oxide for aflatoxin B1 detection, RSC Advances, 2015, 5, 5406-5414 (Link).

 

2014

25. P. R. Solanki, S. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, R. K. Srivastava, G. Sumana, A. Srivastava, and B. D. Malhotra, Protein conjugated reduced graphene oxide-titania platform for label-free biosensor application, RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 60386-60396 (Link).

24. R. Sharma, Md. Azahar Ali, N. Selvi, V. Singh, R. Sinha, and Ved V. Agrawal, Electrochemically assembled gold nanostructures platform: electrochemistry, kinetic analysis and biomedical application, Journal Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118, 6261–6271 (Link).

23. K. Mondal, Md. Azahar Ali, V. V. Agrawal, B. D. Malhotra, and A. Sharma, Highly sensitive biofunctionalized mesoporous nanofibers based interface for biomedical application, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6, 2516−2527 (Link).


22. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, M. K. Pandey, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, and B. D Malhotra, Protein–conjugated quantum dots interface: binding kinetics and label-free lipid detection, Analytical Chemistry, 2014, 86, 1710–1718 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic illustrates the development and dual-mode functionality of a cadmium sulfide quantum dot (CdS QD)-based biosensor for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) detection, employing both surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). L-cysteine-capped CdS QDs (CysCdS) are synthesized and covalently immobilized onto a thioglycolic acid (TGA)-modified gold-coated glass substrate using EDC-NHS coupling, enabling antibody (Apo-B100) attachment for selective LDL recognition. When LDL binds to the functionalized QDs, it induces changes in the local refractive index, generating an SPR signal, while simultaneously altering the interfacial electrochemical properties, producing a distinct impedance response. This dual-mode platform enables highly sensitive, label-free LDL detection, offering powerful potential for cardiovascular diagnostics. Image adapted from Ali et al., Analytical Chemistry. 2014 Feb 4;86(3):1710-8.

21. Md. Azahar Ali, K. Kamil Reza, S. Srivastava, M. K. Pandey V. V. Agrawal, R. John, B. D Malhotra, Functionalized reduced graphene oxide based interface for label-free low-density lipoprotein detection, Langmuir, 2014,  30, 4192–4201 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic illustrates the stepwise functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for biosensor development targeting apolipoproteins, key biomarkers in lipid profiling and cardiovascular diagnostics. Initially, pristine rGO with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups is shown alongside its TEM image. The rGO is then treated with SOCl₂ under sonication, converting carboxyl groups into reactive acyl chloride groups, producing modified rGO. Subsequently, this material undergoes reaction with ethylenediamine over 10 hours to introduce amine groups, forming NH₂-rGO, as confirmed by TEM imaging. Finally, NH₂-rGO is functionalized via EDC/NHS chemistry to covalently attach carboxyl-containing apolipoprotein biomarkers, creating a stable and specific biosensing interface. This chemical modification strategy enables the construction of sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors using graphene-based materials. Image adapted from Ali et al., Langmuir. 2014 Apr 15;30(14):4192-201.

20. Md. Azahar Ali, N. Singh, S. Srivastava, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, B. D. Malhotra, Chitosan-modified carbon nanotubes-based platform for low-density lipoprotein detection, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 74, 926-35 (Link).
 
19. S. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Omrao, U. Parashar, A. Srivastava, G. Sumana, S. S. Pandey, S. Hayase, B. D. Malhotra, Graphene oxide-based biosensor for food toxin detection, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 174, 960-970 (Link).
​
18. B. D. Malhotra, S. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, C. Singh, Carbon nanomaterials based biosensors for food toxins detection, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 174, 880-896 (Link).

 

2013

17. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, P. R. Solanki, V. Reddy, V. V. Agrawal, C. Kim, R. John, and B. D. Malhotra, Highly efficient bienzyme functionalized nanocomposite-based microfluidics biosensor platform for biomedical application, Scientific Reports, 2013, 3, 2661, 1-9 (Link).

This composite figure showcases the design, fabrication, and working principle of a microfluidic cholesterol biosensor featuring a bienzyme-modified nanocomposite electrode. The top panel illustrates the biosensor chip with a microfluidic channel on a glass substrate covered by PDMS, integrating a working electrode functionalized with a composite of nickel oxide-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (nNiO-MWCNTs) covalently linked to cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase enzymes. These enzymes catalyze cholesterol conversion, releasing electrons that generate an electrochemical signal via the conductive nanostructure. The bottom left panel presents a photograph of the fabricated device, highlighting the microchannel, inlet/outlet ports, and electrode area. The bottom right panel shows a microscopic image of the enzyme-modified electrode surface within the microfluidic channel. Overall, the figure demonstrates the seamless integration of enzymatic recognition, nanomaterials, and microfluidics to create a sensitive and selective cholesterol biosensor. Image adapted from Ali et al., Scientific reports. 2013 Sep 27;3(1):2661.

16. P. R. Solanki, Md. Azahar Ali, A.  Kaushik, and B. D. Malhotra, Label-free capacitive immunosensor based on nanostructured cerium oxide, Advanced Electrochemistry, 2013, 1(2), 92-97 (Link).

15. P. R. Solnaki, Md. Azahar Ali, V. V. Agrawal, A. K. Srivastava, R. K. Kotnala, B. D. Malhotra, Highly sensitive biofunctionalized nickel oxide nanowires based immunosensor for cholera detection, RSC Advances, 2013, 3, 16060 (Link).

14. M. K. Patel, Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, V. V. Agrawal, S.G. Ansari, and B. D. Malhotra, Magnesium oxide grafted carbon nanotubes based impedimetric genosensor for biomedical application, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2013, 50, 406–413 (Link).


13. S. Dev$, S. Kumar$, Md. Azahar Ali$, P.  Anand, R. John, V. V. Agrawal, R. John, and B. D. Malhotra, Microfluidics-integrated biosensors:  prospects for point-of-care diagnostics, Biotechnology Journal, 2013, 8, 1267-79 (Link; $-equal contribution).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This circular infographic highlights the diverse applications of microfluidic and point-of-care diagnostics in biosensor engineering. At its core, the diagram emphasizes the central role of microfluidics in advancing rapid, portable, and sensitive diagnostic technologies. Radiating from the center are six key sensor categories: enzymatic sensors for metabolites like glucose and cholesterol; immunosensors targeting lipids, bacteria, and pathogens; optofluidic platforms enabling advanced imaging and fluorescence detection; microarrays for genetic and molecular analyses; and non-invasive sensors for monitoring essential biomarkers. Together, these categories showcase the broad versatility of microfluidic systems across biochemical, genetic, optical, and minimally invasive diagnostics, underscoring their critical impact on personalized healthcare and real-time disease monitoring. Image adapted from et al., Biotechnology Journal. 2013 Nov;8(11):1267-79.

12. C. Singh, S. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, T. K. Gupta, G. Sumana, A. Srivastava, R. B. Mathur, and B. D. Malhotra, Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes based biosensor for aflatoxin detection, Sensors and Actuators B. Chemical, 2013, 185, 258–264 (Link).

11. M. K. Patel, Md. Azahar Ali, V. V. Agrawal, Z. A, Ansari, B. D. Malhotra, and S. G. Ansari, Nanostructured magnesium oxide biosensing platform for cholera detection, Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102, 144106 (Link).

10. A.  C. Roy, Nisha V. S., C. Dhand, Md. Azahar Ali, and B. D. Malhotra, Molecularly imprinted polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonic acid composite based sensor for para-nitrophenol detection, Analytical Chimica Acta, 2013, 777, 63–71 (Link).


9. Md. Azahar Ali, P. R. Solanki, M.K. Patel, H. Dhayani, V.V. Agrawal, R. John, and B. D. Malhotra, A highly efficient microfluidic nano biochip based on nanostructured nickel oxide, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 2883-2891 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic showcases an advanced microfluidic biosensor for cholesterol detection, integrating nickel oxide (NiO) nanorods with a bienzyme system. The device features a PDMS microchannel over patterned electrodes, where cholesterol esterase and oxidase enzymes are immobilized on vertically aligned NiO nanorods. As cholesterol flows through the channel, enzymatic reactions produce an electrochemical signal measured by the sensor. Microscopic images confirm enzyme attachment to the nanorods, demonstrating precise nanomaterial integration. Combining nanostructures with microfluidics, this compact biosensor enables sensitive, real-time cholesterol detection, offering a promising tool for rapid and on-site health diagnostics. Image adapted from Ali et al., Nanoscale 5 (7), 2883-2891.

8. M. K. Patel$, Md. Azahar Ali$, Md. Zafaryab, V. V. Agrawal, M. M. A. Rizvi, Z. A. Ansari, S. G. Ansari, B. D. Malhotra, Biocompatible nanostructured magnesium oxide-chitosan platform for genosensing applications, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2013, 45, 181–188 (Link; $-equal contribution).

7. S. Srivastava, V. Kumar, Md. Azahar Ali, P. R. Solanki, A. Srivastava, G. Sumana, P. S. Saxena, and B. D. Malhotra, Electrophoretically deposited reduced graphene oxide platform for food toxin detection, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 3043 (Link).


6. S.  Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, P.R. Solanki, P.M. Chavhan, M. K. Pandey, A. Mulchandani, A. Srivastava, and B. D. Malhotra, Mediator-free microfluidics biosensor based on titania–zirconia nanocomposite for urea detection, RSC Advances, 2013, 3, 228-235 (Link).

 

2012

5. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Srivastava, P. R. Solanki, V V Agrawal, R. John, B. D. Malhotra, Nanostructured anatase-titanium dioxide based platform for application to microfluidics cholesterol biosensor, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, 101, 084105 (Link).

Complex image. Please refer to the caption.
This schematic illustrates a microfluidic biosensor for cholesterol detection featuring a PDMS microchannel bonded to a glass substrate with three electrodes: a working electrode (cholesterol oxidase immobilized on nanostructured anatase TiO₂/ITO), a counter electrode (bare ITO), and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Fluid flow is controlled via inlet and outlet tubing connected to a syringe pump. The working electrode’s layered design enables enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol to cholestenone, generating electrons for electrochemical signal detection. This integration of nanomaterials and enzyme recognition allows sensitive, real-time cholesterol monitoring in a compact microfluidic platform. Image adapted from Ali et al., Applied Physics Letters. 2012 Aug 20;101(8).

4. H. Dhyani, Md. Azahar Ali, M. K. Pandey, B.D. Malhotra and P. Sen, Electrophoretically deposited CdS quantum dots based electrode for biosensor application, Journal of Material Chemistry, 2012, 22, 4970 (Link).

 

2011

3. S. Srivastava, P. R. Solanki, A. Kaushik, Md. Azahar Ali, A. Srivastava, and B. D. Malhotra, A self-assembled monolayer based microfluidic sensor for urea detection, Nanoscale, 2011, 3, 2971-7 (Link).

2. Abdul Barik, P R. Solanki, A. Kaushik, Md. Azahar Ali, M. K. Pandey, and B. D. Malhotra, Ponyaniline- carboxymethayl cellulose nanocomposite for cholesterol detection, Journal of Nanoscience Nanotechnology, 2010, 10, 6479-88 (Link).


1. Md. Azahar Ali, A. Ansari, A. Kaushik, P. Solanki, A. Barek, and B. D. Malhotra, Nanostructured zinc oxide film for urea sensor, Materials Letters, 2009, 63, 2473–2475 (Link).

Book Chapters

1. A. Gosai and Md. Azahar Ali* “Metal oxides based microfluidic biosensing (Chapter, pages: 233-258); Metal Oxides for Biomedical and Biosensor Applications,” 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2021, ISBN: 9780128230589 (Link).

2. Md. Azahar Ali and Bansi D. Malhotra, “Nanomaterials for Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications, (Micro and Nano Technologies) 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2017, Hardcover ISBN: 9780323449236, eBook ISBN: 9780128135150 (Link).


3. Md. Azahar Ali and Chandan Singh, “Enzymatic Biosensors (Chapter); Nanobiotechnology for Sensing Applications: From Lab to Field” pp: 161-182, CRC Press, a Tylor and Francis Group, 2016, New Jersey, USA, ISBN: 9781771883283, E-Book ISBN: 9781771883290 (Link).

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Patents

1. Md. Azahar Ali, Chunsahn Hu, Bin Yuan, M. Sadeq. Saleh, Rahul Panat, Rapid Detection of Pathogens using Three-Dimensional Architectures as Electrochemical Sensing Elements, International Patent Number WO 2022 006520, published January 6, 2022 (Link).​

2. Md. Azahar Ali, L. Dong, Y. Jiao, Y. Chen, U.S. Patent No. 11,378,541, Filed Self-contained, automated, long-term sensor system for monitoring of soil nutrients in fields (Link).​

3. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Tabassum, Q. Wang, R. Kumar, L. Dong, Integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor for biomarker detection, 2021, US Patent US11022610B1 (Link).​

4. Md. Azahar Ali, L. Dong, X. Wang, M. Castellano, Miniature sensors with probe insertable into and for obtaining measurements from plants and a variety of other mediums, US Patent 10,921,303 (Link)​

5. Md. Azahar Ali, A. Sharma, K. Mondal, B. D Malhotra, C. Singh, G. Sumana, Silver nanoparticles impregnated nanoporous carbon nanofibers platform for biosensor application, 2016, Indian Patent Office, Filling application date: 04/08/2016, Application No: 201611026698, Published on 09-02-2018, Official Journal No. 06/2018.

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Conference Proceedings

1. Md. Azahar Ali, X. Wang, Y. Jiao, Y. Chen, L. Dong, Novel all-solid-state soil nutrient sensor using nanocomposite of poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and molybdenum sulfate, Transducers 2019 - EUROSENSORS XXXIII Berlin, GERMANY, 23-27 June 2019, 170-173 (Link).

2. X. Wang, Y. Tian, Y. Chen, Y. Jiao, Md. Azahar Ali, L. Wei, and L. Dong, Low-cost extended-gate field effect transistor sensing system based on a channel structured reference electrode, Transducers 2019 - EUROSENSORS XXXIII Berlin, GERMANY, 23-27, 2019, 1383-1384 (Link).

3. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Tabassum, Q. Wang, Y. Wang, R. Kumar and L. Dong, Plasmonic-electrochemical dual modality microfluidic sensor for cancer biomarker detection, In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2017 IEEE 30th International Conference on 2017 Jan 22, pp. 390-393 (Link).

4. H. Jiang, Md. Azahar Ali, Y. Jiao, B. Yang, and L. Dong, In-situ, real-time monitoring of nutrient uptake on plant chip integrated with nutrient sensor, In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers 2017), The 19th International Conference on  June 18-22, 2017,  pp 289-292 (Link).

5.  Md. Azahar Ali, K. Mondal, Y. Wang, N. Mahal, M. J. Castellano, A. Sharma and L. Dong, Microfluidic detection of soil nitrate ions using novel electrochemical foam electrode, In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2017 IEEE 30th International Conference on 2017, pp. 482-485 (Link).

6. Md. Azahar Ali, S. Oren, Y. Jiao, Y. Wang, Z. Xu, and L. Dong, Microfluidic label-free immunochip for early diagnostics of breast cancer using functionalized porous graphene, Technical Digest: Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop 2016 Hilton Head, SC, USA. 05-09 JUN 2016, pp: 284-285.

7. S. Oren, S. Tabassum, Y. Jiao, Md. Azahar Ali, and L. Dong, Wearable graphene sensors on adhesive tapes, Technical Digest: Technical Digest: Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop 2016 Hilton Head, SC, USA. 05-09 JUN 2016, pp: 110-111.

8. H. Jiang, Md. Azahar Ali, Z. Xu, L. J. Halverson, and L. Dong, Microfluidic Flow-Through Microbial Fuel Cell, Hilton Technical Digest: Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop 2016 Hilton Head, SC, USA. 05-09 JUN 2016, pp: 384-387.

9. S. Tabassum, Q. Wang, W. Wang, S. Oren, Md. Azahar Ali, R. Kumar, and L. Dong, Plasmonic crystal gas sensor incorporating graphene oxide for detection of volatile organic compounds. In Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2016 IEEE 29th International Conference on 2016 Jan 24, pp. 913-916 (Link).

10. A. A. Ansari, Md. Azahar Ali and B. D. Malhotra, Electrochemical urea biosensor based on sol-gel derived nanostructured cerium oxide, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012, 358, 012006 (Link).


11. H. Dhyani, S. Srivastava, Md. Azahar Ali, B. D. Malhotra and P. Sen, Fabrication of nanocrystalline CdS electrode via chemical bath deposition technique for application to cholesterol sensor, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012, 358, 012008 (Link).

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